Inside and out, if you could observe everything that was floating in the air, you would like be less eager to breathe.

Fortunately our noses and lungs are adept at filtering out pollutants.

If only our homes had similar systems.

Unfortunately, many homes have only the most rudimentary systems for processing air. This means that often in the environment we consider most secure, we are being exposed to more pollutants than we would like.

Here are the elements of a quality whole home ventilation system.

1. Ventilation and moving air in all parts of the house.

You might not think of it this way, but you want your house to breathe. Contrary to our vision of the house as an airtight bubble sealed off against the rest of the world, it should instead work as a filter improving the air that we breathe while inside.

Part of the important work of keeping air quality high is keeping the air moving. This includes all of the following:

1. passive or active venting in the attic,
2. a heating and air-conditioning system that moves air through all of the inhabited rooms,
3. passive or active venting in the furnace and/or water heater rooms, especially if either of those systems use natural gas,
4. active venting in rooms or spaces that are below ground or father other high-humidity conditions.

• Filtration

Filtration happens in several ways.

First in a most basic way, screen doors and windows serve as a sort of filter against certain kinds of pollutants. We mostly think about the mosquitoes and pass it keeps out, but large pollens and other potential breathing hazards are likewise capped out by screens.

Second your HVAC system likely has one or more filters that air passes through before being recirculated through the ductwork. These filters come in different degrees of filtration ability. The most basic ones are made of coarse fiberglass. Finer fiberglass and fiberglass with a sticky coating are more protective. Some higher quality filters are HEPA rated based on their ability to filter out specific allergens, and recommended for those with breathing conditions and severe allergies.

• Humidity Control

The relative humidity of the air dramatically impacts how hot or cold it feels. This is because dry air allows our skin to efficiently evaporate, causing us to feel cooler. This is why your friends in Arizona tell you it doesn’t feel like 110° because “it is a dry heat.” However, in the winter, dry air contributes to itchy skin and static electricity.

An Active and fully functioning HVAC system will work to keep relative humidity in a comfortable range.

That means that in the summer a lot of the work your air conditioner is doing is not cooling the air but instead removing moisture from the air.

In the winter, your HVAC system should be adding moisture to the air not to the point of putting water on the walls, but just enough to help keep you comfortable and warm.

We have explored elsewhere the important work that an HVAC system does. In essence, it functions as the lungs of a building.

In many ways, it is just as important to the building as your lungs are to your body.

Your nose and throat work as a filter for what can and can’t enter your lungs. Similarly, your HVAC system has one or more filters that also keep out pollutants and help keep you – and the whole system – healthy.

Those systems vary in their effectiveness, their cost, and their purpose. Here is a short guide to make sure you are getting the quality of filtration you need for your circumstances.

Fiberglass Filters

Fiberglass filters are filled with a thread-like material that is coarse to the touch. By forcing air through this mesh, large particles of dust, dirt, or other pollutants are trapped in the fiberglass. The air that enters the heating chamber or cooling chamber and is then blown through your vents is much cleaner.

Some fiberglass filters are treated on one side with sticky residue. This residue collects pollutants that otherwise might have gotten through the fiberglass filters. That makes these filters slightly more effective.

These enhanced filters are generally efficient enough for typical household use.

Pleated Material Filters

Pleated filters resemble handmade fans. They are paper or fabric, fluted or folded to better capture pollutants.

These come in different levels of effectiveness, as determined by the number of visible folks. Having more flutes makes the filter more effective because it allows for greater capture of allergens and pollutants, while allowing sufficient airflow to keep your system blowing efficiently.

Electrostatic Air Filters

Electrostatic air filters generate a charged surface area that help trap additional pollutants in allergens.

Despite the title, these air filters do not need to be plugged in nor do they use electricity. Instead the way they are constructed generates an electrostatic charge as the air is forced through the layers.

For people who can make a slightly larger upfront investment, and who don’t mind a little bit of extra upkeep involved in periodically cleaning these filters, electrostatic air filters are a good investment in your air quality.

HEPA Filters

HEPA filters are the highest quality filters the average consumer would need to buy. Recommended specifically for people who have severe allergies or other medical conditions that require the highest level of air quality, HEPA filters trap almost all pollutants.

HEPA filters are very effective, and very expensive. The average homeowner who does not have an underlying health condition would be unlikely to benefit from or notice a difference from the far less costly other options.

UV Filters

In some situations and additional filter is added either in the HVAC system or somewhere else inside a home environment. This filter uses UV light to kill microorganisms that might otherwise get through all other sorts of filters.

Few homeowners need the benefit of this expensive cutting-edge filtration system.

A word about washable filters

Some of the fiberglass, pleated, or electrostatic filters are washable. Among these, only the electrostatic filters truly retain their effectiveness after one or more washings. Chin the other types of filters should be done only in cases where frugality is an important consideration.

While some homeowners have the time and energy to invest in maintaining washable filters, there are many inexpensive options that don’t require this level of maintenance. Active homeowners will find that changing your filter on the appropriate schedule is enough HVAC maintenance for them.

There is little benefit in washing most filters.

In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, we were still not using the word pandemic, and were more likely to call it “coronavirus” than COVID-19. People who were experiencing a large number of symptoms, even those that mimicked the little-known virus simply shrugged them off.

“It’s probably the flu,” they said. Or, “It’s my allergies.”

Some of them were right. And some of them were very wrong.

Although it acts in some ways as an illness of the blood, COVID-19 first mimics many common breathing related elements including the flu, asthma, and a wide range of allergies including mold allergies.

But how can you be expected to know whether you have contracted COVID-19 or are suffering from a mold allergy. Mold allergies are follow the same seasonal patterns, and are made worse by quarantining in hot, wet spaces without adequate ventilation or dehumidification.

In the heat of summer, you will want to know which of these dangerous foes you are fending off.

This handy chart will help clear up similarities and differences between mold allergies and COVID-19.

It is clear that there are many overlapping symptoms between COVID-19 and mold allergies. Ultimately you know yourself better than anyone.

Think it’s mold?

If your symptoms are consistent with the mold allergy, examine your surroundings. Are there places where the symptoms seem to get triggered more frequently? Do they go away if you leave? Are you able to visually inspect all of the areas, like under carpets or in ceiling tiles to detect the existence of mold?

If you suspect a mold allergy you should have someone confirm by doing testing in that location. Or you can hire someone to do an in-depth inspection.

When this is confirmed, you should immediately take steps to remove the or treat the mold. Although rare, mold allergies can sometimes lead to fatal consequences.

Think it’s COVID-19?

If your symptoms are not consistent with typical allergy symptoms, or have the addition of one or more of the COVID-19 symptoms, do not panic. Instead, call your doctor. She or he can give you more specific information and ask more detailed questions to make a better determination.

Your physician will also be able to identify a location where you can get tested it COVID-19 is suspected.

There is no reason to wait or to simply hope that it is not COVID-19 when the symptoms are all present.

As with most home repairs, costs associated with waterproofing a basement or foundation can vary greatly depending on several factors.

Some questions to ask as you start to price your project include:

1. What are the factors on my property that will affect the amount of water that presses against my foundation?
2. How much am I willing to spend to guarantee results?
3. Do I want to do internal, external, or a mixed approach to waterproofing?

Several important aspects of your property directly impact how hard it is to waterproof your foundation. Thus they directly impact how much it costs.

Is your property on high ground?

Properties near the tops of hills or on high plateaus generally face lower waterproofing costs. Because water flows downhill and away from these properties, their foundations are naturally exposed to less water.

However, in some cases, these higher areas can face unique issues. Springs and other natural phenomena can keep water present even on top of hills, putting unexpected pressure on foundations. These are rare, and generally present themselves pretty readily during an inspection.

Is your property on low ground?

Homeowners find locations near lakes to be attractive. However the presence of a natural lake or pond indicates an abundance of water in the ground. A foundation that goes to or below the common pond level will face a great deal of water pressure over its lifetime.

Waterproofing companies have ways to deal with this amount of water and it does not mean you cannot build there. It just means that you should anticipate that the cost will be higher as the waterproofing interventions will be greater.

Additionally, properties on low ground and newly urbanized areas find that water runoff from streets and newly developed properties is a problem. In many places the rainwater trains are not sufficient to deal with the runoff from the largest storms. Homeowners in these situations find themselves subject to periodic flooding.

If you are building in a newer large subdivision, consider investing in stronger measures to protect your biggest investment.

Is your property on a hill?

Gravity works everywhere. So if you’re planning to build a house on earth, examining the flow of water on your property is an important step. Consider the topography of the larger area, three to five houses away from your building. Does it direct water toward your home, or away?

Even a slight slope towards your house will necessarily mean increased water pressure on that part of your foundation wall. Your water management plan and waterproofing planned should factor that in. As always, this is not a deal breaker. It just means that you will need to invest properly in waterproofing measures to keep your home safe and dry.

There are dozens of factors that influence the cost of your waterproofing project. At Mar-Flex we have trained and experienced experts willing to guarantee that your project will stay dry.

Looking for a cost estimate to plan your budget? Visit homeadvisor.com and use their handy assessment tool to get estimates for this work in your ZIP from nearly 4,000 HomeAdvisor members. https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/basements/seal-a-basement-or-foundation/

In this series of articles about the cost to waterproof the basement or foundation we have already examined some of the most important factors.

We have looked at the location of the home. Specifically we have asked whether it is on a hill, in a valley, or on a high plateau.

We have looked at how to take the key measures to determine the size of the job. Specifically we reviewed how to measure square footage, perimeter, and depth of your foundation.

As you might suspect there remain more variables.

In this article we will look at the materials and labor costs for waterproofing.

Materials

Materials for waterproofing generally fall into four broad categories: membranes, drainage supplies, concrete and concrete repair, and sealants.

Membranes – membranes are impermeable materials that are essentially wrapped around your house or property, either inside or out. To the touch they can feel like rubber or hard plastic. They work essentially like galoshes, only for your property instead of your feet. With special care taken to fill the spaces and seal the seams, membranes can be used around your entire foundation, or to address a particularly problematic section, such as a wall that faces a downhill slope.

Because membranes need to cover the entire surface in order to be fully effective, these are often the most expensive solution. These are most easily applied during construction. If needed after a building has been built, application often involves a great deal of digging and labor costs will increase.

Drainage supplies – a comprehensive approach to keeping property dry will necessarily include treatment outside. This often means the implementation of drainage trench is just under the surface of the soil against the foundation of the building. This can be achieved by using French drains, drain tiles, and a series of related supplies designed to keep water away from your foundation in the first place.

 Concrete and concrete repair – the most straightforward repairs for a wet basement often involve new concrete and concrete repair. Concrete itself is semi-permeable, which means that a little bit of moisture can get through by design. In many parts of the country where there is ample rainfall and standing water, the moisture allowed in to a concrete basement can often be solved with air-conditioning or the addition of a dehumidifier.

However, there should never be enough moisture to prompt water droplets or running water. When this happens the solution will often involve redoing the cement in the affected area.

Sealants – sealants are often made of similar materials to the membrane mentioned above. Whether in a tube or in a bucket, sealants are designed to be spread in the troubled area. This can happen inside or outside of the foundation.

These come in different grades depending on the amount of water they should be expected to to protect against.

As you are determining which company to use to waterproof your basement, you will want to ask about these approaches and materials.

Waterproofing the basement of a home or business is an important investment every owner should make. As with other investments, choosing the cheapest option often turns out to be a bad choice in the long run.

Of course if you don’t understand much about waterproofing and building, it’s easy to run the decision through the cost filter then decide on that one factor.

This is why it is important to gather as much information as possible. With this information you can make better decisions and invest wisely.

One of the key dimensions that your waterproofing company will need is the square footage of your basement, the external/perimeter measurement of your foundation, and the depth of your foundation.

How do I know the square footage of my basement?

All of these dimensions are easiest to find if you have the blueprint of your home or planned home.

If you don’t have it, your local zoning board or similar agency, located in city hall, likely has a copy of it on record.

Of course, there is a simpler way to go about finding the square footage or your basement.

Math.

If you are lucky enough to have a square and empty basement, this is easy. Measure the length of one side in inches, then measure the length of the next side. Multiply those two numbers together. Divide by 12 to get the final square footage.

But what if there are bump-ins, carve-outs, walls, and more? When things get tricky, there is a more comprehensive guide here: https://www.realtor.com/advice/sell/how-to-calculate-square-feet/

How do I measure the perimeter of my house?

Again, gather your tape measure. This time, you will be working outside of the structure.

Again, it is easier if it is a square.

Measure one side in inches, then measure the adjacent side in inches. Then measure the third and fourth sides. Then simply add these measurements together. Divide by 12 to get the final measurement in feet.

One word of caution. My porches and patios can look like they are part of your house, but they do NOT have foundation under them. They do not need to be measured to be part of your perimeter for waterproofing purposes.

How do I measure the depth of my foundation?

This is perhaps the simplest of all the measurements.

At each window or other location where a pipe, vent, or wire goes through the foundation from inside to outside, you will need to make a measurement.

First, measure the distance inside from that window, pipe, vent, or wire to the floor of your basement. Do this for every one of those items.

Then go outside and for each one of them take a second measurement. Measure the distance from the ground to that extension.

So if you have a dryer vent, it might work like this:

1. Measure the distance inside from the vent to the floor. (Let’s say it’s 65 inches.)
2. Measure the distance outside from the vent to the ground. (Let’s say it’s 8 inches.)
3. Subtract item B from item A. (In this case 65-8=57)
4. Your foundation is 57 inches deep in that location.

The more of these measurements you can give your waterproofer the better.

If you are using a calculator before contracting with a waterproofer, you will need the average depth of your foundation. Add these measurements together, then divide by the number of them.

This will help get you a good estimate of the average depth of your foundation.

With these measurements you are better prepared to approach your waterproofing companies and seek estimates for this important investment.